1964 The Old Law is a preparation for the Gospel. “The Law is a pedagogy and a prophecy of things to come.”It prophesies and presages the work of liberation from sin which will be fulfilled in Christ: it provides the New Testament with images, “types,” and symbols for expressing the life according to the Spirit. Finally, the Law is completed by the teaching of the sapiential books and the prophets which set its course toward the New Covenant and the Kingdom of heaven.
There were . . . under the regimen of the Old Covenant, people who possessed the charity and grace of the Holy Spirit and longed above all for the spiritual and eternal promises by which they were associated with the New Law. Conversely, there exist carnal men under the New Covenant still distanced from the perfection of the New Law: the fear of punishment and certain temporal promises have been necessary, even under the New Covenant, to incite them to virtuous works. In any case, even though the Old Law prescribed charity, it did not give the Holy Spirit, through whom “God’s charity has been poured into our hearts.
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Is missing church on Sunday a mortal sin , if you realize fully that you are missing it and do not have a justifiable reason?
Yes, it is a mortal sin if you purposefully do not attend mass when one has full knowledge of the sinfulness of omitting mass, provided one does not have a serious obligation (or illness or incapacity) such as caring for the ill; such an obligation cannot be used as an excuse to not attend mass, however, or the sin remains.